Atomic Structure and Bonding Menu

Includes a discussion of orbitals, electronic structures of atoms and ions, ionisation energies, electron affinities, atomic and ionic radii, and the atomic hydrogen emission spectrum.

Includes ionic, covalent, co-ordinate (dative covalent) and metallic bonding as well as intermolecular attractions like Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding. Also includes full discussions of electronegativity and shapes of molecules and ions.

Describes and explains how the various types of structure (ionic, giant covalent, metallic, and molecular) affect physical properties.